McDonald's is bringing back retro Happy Meal toys - CNN

This year marks the 40th anniversary of the company's first Happy Meal, the kids meal that helped McDonald's achieve fast food supremacy. Today, roughly one in every four orders at McDonald's includes a Happy Meal, according to retail data tracker Sense360.

Each Happy Meal contains the option of a hamburger or chicken nuggets, a side like french fries and a drink. And a toy, some of which have become collector's items.

McDonald's is celebrating this milestone by re-releasing some of its most popular toys over the past four decades, including Ty Beanie Babies' Patti the Platypus and the Tamagotchi. Between November 7 through 11, McDonald's (MCD) will sell a "Surprise Happy Meal" in 90 countries that will include the throwback toys.

It's the latest quick-service restaurant to tap into nostalgia to excite customers. Since fast-food customers are not particularly loyal to any brand, fast-food companies must resort to marketing tactics or wacky food creations to draw in customers.

Here's a brief history of the Happy Meal:

The Circus Wagon Happy Meal, as it was originally known, launched in the United States in June 1979. The meal included a hamburger or cheeseburger, fries and cookies. Some of the early Happy Meal toys included a McDoodler stencil, McWrist wallet and a spinning top. The box became instantly recognizable with the meal.

After becoming a hit in the United States, McDonald's expanded the meal internationally. It debuted first in Latin America before hitting Australia and New Zealand.

McDonald's added McNuggets as a Happy Meal option. The addition inspired a line of Happy Meal toys modeled after the McNuggets.

McDonald's partnered with United Airlines (UAL) to offer Happy Meals on some of its flights. The deal ended in 2001.

The first-ever global Happy Meal debuted with Disney film "Mulan." The meal had identical packaging and toys across 40 countries.

2012 - 2013

As its customers shifted toward healthier eating habits, McDonald's began overhauling the Happy Meal. In 2012, McDonald's made the french fries portion smaller, and it added fruit as an option. In 2013, it added milk or juice as beverage choices.

McDonald's said it would provide cheeseburgers in Happy Meals only upon request. It removed artificial preservatives from some of its entrees and added bottled water as a drink option. The company said that 3.4 billion fruit, low-fat dairy and water items have been served in Happy Meals in the US since 2013.

Starting next year, McDonald's will add a new reduced-sugar and low-fat chocolate milk option. It has 25% less sugar compared to the previous version.

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Happy Birthday, CVE! - Naked Security

by Danny Bradbury

It was October 1999. Macs had just got embedded Wi-Fi, Napster had launched, and Yahoo had purchased Geocities for $3.6bn. Something else happened that escaped most computer users at the time: CVE posted its first bug. The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system is 20 years old this week.

Created by the non-profit Mitre Corporation, which oversees several federal government programs, CVE provides common identifiers for cybersecurity bugs, making them easier to track and fix.

Back then, most cybersecurity bug tracking tools used their own databases and their own IDs for bug tracking. That made it difficult for people to collaborate on reporting and fixing them. CVE fixed this using its bug numbering system.

The CVE list couldn’t have come at a better time – 1999 was the year that widespread malware infections really took off. The CIH virus that appeared the year before dropped its first payload in 1999, In March, the Melissa worm devastated Office users’ machines around the world, setting the record for the most powerful malware so far.

The list started small but has grown to contain over 125,000 vulnerabilities. NIST’s National Vulnerabilities Database (NVD) is based on it, and Mitre also mines the vulnerabilities to produce a list of broader cybersecurity weakness categories known as the Common Weakness Enumeration.

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The CVE’s success also presents new challenges. For years, the list grew at a modest rate, adding between 4,000 and 8,000 new bugs each year. Then in 2017, things exploded with a 128% spike in new bugs. A year-on-year growth rate of just 12% in 2018 may be more modest, but it also suggests a new normal in which bug reports now top 10,000 each year.

Mitre has strained under the weight of this extra work. Even before the massive 2017 spike, there was a reported slowdown in processing. Congress investigated and found that inconsistent funding was hindering the program. It recommended a change in the funding structure, along with biennial reviews.

Mitre has responded by expanding its operations to produce a more federated management approach.

When someone discovers a bug they can ask a CVE Numbering Authority (CNA) to give it an ID number. It then combines that with a description and any associated references to create a CVE entry which is added to the list. Mitre is the root program CNA, but there are others, and it has expanded this community to cope with growing demand. In 2016 there were 22 CNAs. Today, there are 104, including 5 CERTs, 2 bug bounty programs, and 9 individual security researchers.

As the number and diversity of bugs grows, a central, standard way to name and track them will be more important than ever. It’s difficult enough meeting this challenge even with a central list. Imagine what things would be like if we were all still using our own naming systems and documenting bugs in hundreds of individual silos?

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